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Pandemic

Cholera (7 pandemics)

Vibrio cholerae

4.0M

estimated deaths

Period

1817–Ongoing

Origin

India (Ganges Delta)

Death range

3.0M–5.0M

Infected

100.0M

Overview

Cholera has caused seven documented pandemics since 1817, all originating in the Ganges Delta of India. Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, it spreads through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea leading to rapid dehydration and death within hours if untreated. John Snow's mapping of the 1854 London outbreak pioneered modern epidemiology.

Historical Timeline

1817
1st pandemic — India
1829
2nd pandemic — reaches Europe
1852
3rd pandemic — global spread
2010
Haiti outbreak
2023
7th pandemic ongoing

Symptoms

Profuse watery diarrhea ('rice-water')
Rapid dehydration
Muscle cramps
Vomiting
Death within hours if untreated

Affected Regions

India (origin)
Bangladesh
Africa
Haiti (2010 outbreak)

Sources & References

Compare Cholera (7 pandemics) with other events

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Data sourced from WHO, CDC, and peer-reviewed academic sources. Death toll estimates may vary across sources.

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Data: WHO · CDC · UNAIDS · IAEA · Britannica

Cholera (7 pandemics) — 4M Deaths (1817–present) | PlaguAtlas