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War

Mongol Conquests

40.0M

estimated deaths

Period

1206–1368

Origin

Mongolia

Death range

30.0M–50.0M

Regions

6 areas

Overview

The Mongol Conquests (1206–1368) under Genghis Khan and his successors created the largest contiguous land empire in history and resulted in the deaths of an estimated 30–50 million people — possibly 10% of the world's population at the time. The destruction of Baghdad in 1258, the conquest of China, Persia, and Central Asia, combined with plague spread by Mongol armies, made these conquests uniquely devastating.

Historical Timeline

1206
Genghis Khan unites Mongol tribes
1215
Conquest of China begins
1241
Mongols reach Poland/Hungary
1258
Sack of Baghdad
1368
End of Mongol Empire

Affected Regions

Mongolia (origin)
China (Jin/Song dynasties)
Central Asia
Persia/Iran
Russia
Eastern Europe

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Data sourced from WHO, CDC, and peer-reviewed academic sources. Death toll estimates may vary across sources.

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Data: WHO · CDC · UNAIDS · IAEA · Britannica

Mongol Conquests — 40M Deaths (1206–1368) | PlaguAtlas